Research Progress in Area 1 方向 ( 一 ) 課題進展 75 Abstract Mamiellophyceae constitute an ecologically important class of marine unicellular green algae. While approximatively 250 strains from over 20 different species are currently available via public culture collections, strains from the South China sea are yet understudied. Mamiellophyceae are infected by prasinoviruses in their natural environment. Prasinoviruses prevalence can be linked to carbon export, stressing the ecological importance of studying the MamiellophyceaePrasinovirusmodelsystem.IncollaborationwithDr. Yung, Dr. Piganeau coordinates an unprecedented sampling effort in the Mediterranean and South China seas to compare the genomic diversity of Mamiellales and Prasinoviruses. This project combines complementary expertise between the Genophy team and the Yung Lab on strain and virus isolation, sequencing, population genomics and environmental genomics analysis and this project is poised to provide several novel insights into phytoplankton-virus interactions., including host changes. Research Activities and Progress • Two ways transfer of knowledge and protocols between the Genophy and Yung labs; • Screen of 14 environmental samples from the South Chinese Sea, and 25 samples from the Mediterranean Sea for the presence of prasinoviruses and Mamiellophyceae; • Development of novel metavirome DNA extraction protocol from filtrated lysates; • Sequencing of 43 metaviromes from the South China Sea; • Bioinformatic analyses of 43 metaviromes. Key Findings • Preliminary bioinformatic analyses of 43 metaviromes (Figure 1) unveiled 66 novel prasinovirus genome assemblies from the South China sea, increasing the current available genome resource of prasinoviruses by a factor 3; • Identification of two candidate host range changes between highly divergent microalga hosts; • 10 novel Mamiellophyceae strains have been isolated from Hong Kong coastal waters. Research Output Publication 0 Trained personnel 5 Phytoplankton-virus Interactions across the Mediterranean and South-China Seas: Insights from the MamiellalesPrasinovirus Model System Prof. Gwenaël Piganeau CNRS, Sorbonne University, France Fig 1. Phylogenetic reconstruction of 66 novel prasinoviruses sequenced from the South china Sea from this project together with all the available prasinovirus and related chlorovirus genomes from NCBI (indicated by stars). O. lucimarinus virus 5 3401 HMN V1 O. tauri virus 2 O. lucimarinus virus 6 O. lucimarinus virus 3 O. lucimarinus virus 2 3401 HO V1 3401 HEFG V1 3401 HC V1 37000 HJ V1 3401 HL V1 ZA HL V3 37000 HC V1 37000 HI V1 3401 HAB V2 37000 HAB V2 O. lucimarinus virus 4 O. lucimarinus virus 1 O. lucimarinus virus 7 3401 HAB V1 ZA H0 V4 ZA H0 V1 3401 HO V2 6881 HI V2 6881 HMN V1 6881 HL V1 ZA HL V1 6881 HO V1 O. tauri virus 5 O. mediterraneus virus 1 O. tauri virus 1 6881 HG V2 6881 HMN V2 6881 HO V3 6881 HI V3 4221 HE V3 4221 HJ V1 4221 HG V2 6881 HL V2 4221 HL V1 4221 HO V1 827 HG V1 ZA H0 V3 827 HD V1 827 HL V1 827 HJ V1 827 HF V1 827 HMN V1 827 HC V2 827 HO V1 O. tauri virus 6 827 HAB V1 827 HMN V2 827 HAB V2 827 HL V3 M. pusilla virus SP1 M. pusilla virus PL1 Micromonas sp. RCC1109 virus 1 ZA HL V2 M. commoda virus 12T 827 HC V1 827 HG V2 4222 HMN V1 4222 HI V2 37000 HJ V2 4222 HJ V1 4222 HI V1 4222 H0 V1 4222 H0 V2 4222 HMN V2 B. parisnos virus 1 B. parisnos virus 2 B. calidus virus 1 B. calidus virus 2 3401 HO V3 4221 HO V2 4221 HJ V2 4221 HL V2 4221 HG V1 4221 HE V1 6881 HAB V1 6881 HI V1 6881 HG V1 37000 HAB V1 37000 HG V1 PbCVAR158 PbCVNY2A PbCV1 PbCVFR483 AtCV1 Tree scale: 1 Chlorella viruses O. tauri lysates Bathycoccus lysates M. commonda lysates B. calidus virus 3 O. lucimarinus lysates 37000 HC V2 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * O. tauri lysates O. lucimarinus lysates
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