15 2 Climate Science – “Our climate is our future” FIGURE 2.7 Sea level heights and recurrence frequency Historical centennial events (HCE) in the recent past will become once per year events in the future due to sea level rise Sea level heights and recurrence frequency Time Recent past Future Mean sea level Mean sea level Sea level rise HCF 1/century 1/century 1/decade 1/decade 1/year 1/year 1/month 1/month FIGURE 2.9 Local effects of cities on temperature due to city geometry, heat from human activities, heat-retaining properties, water and vegetation -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 WARMING COOLING Local effect on temperature (ºC) Variations across different climates Cities often lack vegetation and water City Geometry Building density, city layout, height and size Heat from Human Activities Industrial/domestic heating Heat-retaining properties Building and road material Water Sea, rivers, lakes and irrigation Vegetation Parks, forests, gardens FIGURE 2.8: Climate resilient development pathways INCREASING URGENCY Starting today, every action, every decision matters. Worldwide action is more urgent than previously assessed.
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