53 CLP also works with customers to strengthen resilience of equipment on customer side to climate hazards: i) Typhoon damage to outdoor customer equipment – reinforce the structure of outdoor equipment. ii) Flooding to customer supply facility – flooding control at customer switch rooms. iii) Failure of equipment – safety factor on equipment specifications. III: Heat Stress, Health and Community Resilience a) Cooling Hong Kong – urban planning aspect • Strategic Blue-Green framework The territory-wide Blue-Green framework is strategic to keeping Hong Kong cool. Fundamental to minimising the urban heat island (UHI) effect is to carefully control the extent of urban areas and to conserve as much as possible the natural land. Out of the 1,110 m2 of the land area of Hong Kong, 67% is countryside (including 42% as Country Parks, Special Areas, Geoparks, Ramar Sites, Sites of Special Scientific Interest, etc) and only 24% is urban or built-up land. About ninety percent of the population lives within 3 km of Country Parks. Urban parks or open space also plays a significant role in cooling Hong Kong (see also Chapter 4). The current planning standard specifies 2 m2 of open space per person but in the final recommendation of HK2030+, this figure will be substantially increased to 3.5 m2 of open space per person. This substantial enhancement in the provision of public parks within built-up areas not only will improve the availability of outdoor recreational outlets for our people but will also contribute to mitigating the UHI effect. • Urban design framework Not only provides landscape greenery, the urban design framework also plays a strategic role in keeping Hong Kong cool through laying out the open space systems within built-up areas. In the latest urban design framework of new development areas, the open space systems will have five functions: amenity spaces, pedestrian links, shopping streets, air ventilation corridors, and visual corridors. The urban park systems of Kwu Tung North New Development Area (NDA) and Fanling North NDA are examples of the five-in-one concept. The waterfront promenades planned for Tung Chung East and Kai Tak Development Area provide highly permeable sea/land interfaces which will optimize air ventilation and thus help cool the temperature. At Hung Shui Kui NDA, apart from having an interlinked public park 5 Preparedness and Resilience FIGURE 5.16 Conceptual spatial framework for Blue-Green asset planning Source: PlanD Country parks in Hong Kong 90% population within 3km from country parks
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