4 Follow Us on Social Media Contact Us (852) 3469 2721 ppolpr@ust.hk The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology c/o Division of Public Policy (PPOL) Room 4611, Academic Building, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Main Reference Spandagos, C., Baark, E., Ng, T. L., & Yarime, M. (2021). Social influence and economic intervention policies to save energy at home: Critical questions for the new decade and evidence from air-condition use. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 143, 110915. References Abrahamse, W., & Steg, L. (2013). Social influence approaches to encourage resource conservation: A meta-analysis. Global environmental change, 23(6), 1773-1785. Abrahamse, W., Steg, L., Vlek, C., & Rothengatter, T. (2005). A review of intervention studies aimed at household energy conservation. Journal of environmental psychology, 25(3), 273-291. Ahl, A., Yarime, M., Tanaka, K., & Sagawa, D. (2019). Review of blockchainbased distributed energy: Implications for institutional development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 107, 200-211. Anderson, K., Lee, S., & Menassa, C. (2014). Impact of social network type and structure on modeling normative energy use behavior interventions. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 28(1), 30-39. Cialdini, R.(2007). Influence: The psychology of persuasion (Vol. 55, p. 339). New York: Collins. Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) (2022). Hong Kong Energy End-use Data 2022. Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of psychology. Metcalf, A. L., Phelan, C. N., Pallai, C., Norton, M., Yuhas, B., Finley, J. C., & Muth, A. (2019). Microtargeting for conservation. Conservation Biology, 33(5), 1141-1150. Su, K., Li, J., & Fu, H. (2011, September). Smart city and the applications. In 2011 international conference on electronics, communications and control (ICECC) (pp. 1028-1031). IEEE. The Environmental Protection Department (EPD) (2022). Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Hong Kong (by Sector). Tourangeau, R., & Yan, T. (2007). Sensitive questions in surveys. Psychological bulletin, 133(5), 859. Perception assigned to measure (% of respondents) Measure VL L RES H VH Total Penalty (% of annual bill) 2 13.4 20.9 33.1 16.5 14.7 99.5 4 4.6 12.4 30.5 24.8 25.9 99.2 6 1.6 4.9 18.3 30.8 42.6 99.2 8 1.1 2.5 8.8 23.5 62.2 99.1 10 0.7 0.7 5 13.2 78.4 99.1 12 0.5 0.6 3.3 8.3 85.3 99.1 Reward (% of annual bill) 2 37.0 37.3 22.6 1.7 0.9 98.5 4 15.9 34.6 37.8 8.8 2.1 98.1 6 6.8 16.0 47.1 20.7 8.5 98.1 8 3.6 8.5 36.5 31.0 19.5 98.0 10 1.4 4.2 24.6 34.3 34.8 98.0 12 1.1 2.9 17.1 30.8 47.2 98.0 Table 1 Masaru YARIME is Associate Professor in the Division of Public Policy (PPOL) at HKUST. His research interests center on science, technology, and innovation policy for energy, the environment, and sustainability. He is particularly interested in exploring the structure, functions, and evolution of innovation systems involving stakeholders in various sectors. Recently he has been exploring the policy and institutional implications of data-driven innovation such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and smart cities for addressing sustainability challenges, including climate change, energy transitions, and the circular economy. Erik BAARK is Professor Emeritus in the Division of Social Science at HKUST. His research interests include innovation systems, science and technology policy in China and other East Asian countries, and innovation policy in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta. His research on China centers on analyzing information systems, IT development, and high-technology entrepreneurship during recent policy reforms. His papers have been published in leading journals such as Research Policy and The International Journal of Technology Management. Constantine SPANDAGOS received his PhD in Civil Engineering-Energy Technology from HKUST. He is currently Assistant Professor of Sustainable Energy Policy at the University of New Hampshire. He is specialized in the energy-society interface. His research has been published in top journals such as Applied Energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, and Journal of Cleaner Production. Recently, his research bridges disciplines such as engineering, economics, and psychology to develop policy frameworks that improve the effectiveness and social acceptability of sustainable energy innovations. Survey respondents' perceptions of hypothetical penalty and reward measures, in percentages of respondents' assessments (VL = very low, L = low, RES = reasonable, H = high, VH = very high). Public Policy BULLETIN Social Influence and Economic Intervention Policies that Reduce Energy Consumption: Evidence from Air-conditioning Use
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