270 Gymnodinium catenatum 鏈狀裸甲藻 Phylum: Dinoflagellata 门：甲藻門 Class: Dinophyceae 纲：甲藻綱 Order: Gymnodiniales 目：裸甲藻目 Family: Gymnodiniaceae 科：裸甲藻科 Morphology Cells are athecate, and usually form chains with 4 ,8, 16 cells. Occasionally longer chains with up to 64 cells are observed. Solitary cells are also present, with slightly different morphology and size with chain formers. Single cell is elongate-ovoid with slight dorsoventral compression while chain formers are squarish-ovoid with anterior-posterior compression. Terminal cells are slightly longer. Epicone is rounded, conical or truncate, and smaller than the hypocone. Hypocone tapers slightly posteriorly. A horseshoe-shaped apical groove encircles the apex almost completely. The cingulum is slightly pre-median, descending and displaced at about 2 cingular widths. The sulcus is deep, extending almost the whole length of the cell. Chloroplasts are yellow-brown and numerous. 形態 鏈狀裸甲藻不具甲板，一般呈4個，8個，16個細胞的鏈狀群體，偶爾會形成更長 的鏈，最多可64 個細胞。細胞也可以單獨生活，和鏈狀細胞在形態和粒徑上有稍 許差異。單獨生活的細胞長橢圓形，背腹扁平。鏈狀細胞比單獨生活細胞稍小，呈 方橢圓形，前後端扁平。鏈端細胞稍長一些。上殼圓，錐形或截平，比下殼小。下 殼輕微向底端收縮。細胞頂端有一個馬蹄形頂溝環繞整個細胞頂端。橫溝位於細胞 中間偏上，下行位移最多可達兩倍橫溝的寬度。縱溝較深，幾乎貫穿整個細胞。色 素體較多，黃褐色。 Ecology and distribution Gymnodinium catenatum is widely distributed in temperate coastal waters and capable to
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