276 Gyrodinium spirale 螺旋環溝藻 Phylum: Dinoflagellata 门：甲藻門 Class: Dinophyceae 纲：甲藻綱 Order: Gymnodiniales 目：裸甲藻目 Family: Gyrodiniaceae 科：環溝藻科 Morphology Cells are solitary, slender, and spindle-shaped with slight longitudinal twist. Epicone is conical generally with a slightly blunt and bending apex. The hypocone is broader than the epicone. Cingulum is narrow, excavated, descending, and displaced more than onethird of cell length. Cell surface is covered with longitudinal ridges which are evenly distributed on both the epi- and hypocone. A centrally located nucleus and food vacuoles are present in cytoplasm but no chloroplasts are absent. Cells are colorless or varied in color depending on food they have consumed. Numerous trichocysts or mucocysts are situated at the cell margin. 形態 細胞獨立生活，瘦長，紡錘狀，沿縱軸輕微扭曲。上殼呈錐狀，頂端微鈍並彎曲。 下殼比上殼寬。橫溝窄，凹陷，下行，位移超過細胞全長的三分之一。細胞表面有 縱向的紋路，在上殼和下殼均勻分佈。細胞核位於中部，細胞質內有食物泡，但不 具色素體。由於吃的食物不同，細胞沒有顏色或顏色多變。細胞邊緣有大量棘絲胞 或黏液泡。 Ecology and distribution Gyrodinium spirale is a cosmopolitan in temperate to tropical waters. This species is a bloom forming species and caused one bloom in Hong Kong coastal waters in 1998. 生態與分佈
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