相及的行為，但費米的估計值（10,000噸 T.N.T. 炸藥）與真 實值（21,000噸 T.N.T. 炸藥）非常接近，甚至屬於同一數量 級。這使人們把此類問題定義為「費米問題」，在資訊有限的 情況下，估計其答案的數量級。過程涉及將複雜問題分解為 多個簡單部分，在一些合理假設下，進行有根據的猜測。 References 參考資料： [1] Badash, L. (2024, April 12). American career of Enrico Fermi. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica. com/biography/Enrico-Fermi/American-career [2] Burgwyn, H. J. (2018). Persecution of the Jews. In Mussolini and the Salò Republic, 1943–1945 (pp. 141-164). Palgrave Macmillan Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-761893_8 [3] Goodchild, P. (1986, August 10). Time Bomb!FERMI, HEISENBERG, AND THE RACE FOR THE ATOMIC BOMB by Malcolm C. MacPherson (Dutton: $18.95; 293 pp., illustrated). Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/ archives/la-xpm-1986-08-10-bk-2027-story.html [4] Whitacre, M., & Belotti, A. (2022, January 28). How science earned Enrico Fermi a Nobel Prize (and saved his Jewish wife and children). Los Alamos National Laboratory. https://discover.lanl.gov/news/0127-enricofermi/ [5] U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.). The Life of Enrico Fermi. https://science.osti.gov/fermi/The-Life-of-Enrico-Fermi [6] PBS. (n.d.). A science odyssey: People and discoveries: Fermi creates controlled nuclear reaction. https://www. pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dp42fe.html [7] MacPherson, M. (1987). Time Bomb: Fermi, Heisenberg, and the race for the Atomic Bomb. Berkley Books. [8] U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.). EINSTEIN'S LETTER. The Manhattan Project–an interactive history. https:// www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-project-history/ Events/1939-1942/einstein_letter.htm [9] U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.). EARLY URANIUM RESEARCH. The Manhattan Project–an interactive history. https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-projecthistory/Events/1939-1942/uranium_research.htm [10] Allardice, C., & Trapnell, E. R. (1946). The First Pile. https:// www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/magazines/ bulletin/bull4-0/04005004147su.pdf [11] Dean, K. M. (2022, December 1). Chicago Pile 1: A bold nuclear physics experiment with enduring impact. Argonne National Laboratory. https://www.anl. gov/article/chicago-pile-1-a-bold-nuclear-physicsexperiment-with-enduring-impact#:~:text=An%20 unassuming%20pile%20of%20black,to%20deliver%20 on%20its%20promise [12] Hellman, M. E. (2012). The Physics of Nuclear Weapons [Class handout]. https://ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/ sts152_03/handout02.pdf [13] Flowers, P., Theopold, K., & Langley, R. (n.d.). 21.6: Nuclear Fission. LibreTexts Chemistry. https://chem.libretexts.org/ Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Chemistry_-_ The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/21%3A_Nuclear_ Chemistry/21.06%3A_Nuclear_Fission [14] Galison, P. (2005). Author of Error. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 72(1), 63-76. https://doi. org/10.1353/sor.2005.0032 [15] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938. (n.d.). The Nobel Prize. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1938/ summary/ [16] Spence, R. (2024, March 11). Otto Hahn. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/OttoHahn [17] American Chemical Society. (n.d.). Discovery of Transuranium Elements at Berkeley Lab. https://www. acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/ transuranium-elements-at-berkeley-lab.html [18] Gunn, A. (2024, March 18). How many galaxies are there in the universe? BBC Sky at Night Magazine. https://www. skyatnightmagazine.com/space-science/how-manygalaxies-in-universe [19] Howell, E. (2023, August 24). Fermi paradox: Where are the aliens? Space.com. https://www.space.com/25325fermi-paradox.html [20] Tanner, B. (2022, January 10). Fermi Problems Part 1: Envelopes at the Ready! Tom Rocks Maths. https:// tomrocksmaths.com/2022/01/10/fermi-problems-part-1envelopes-at-the-ready/ [21] Fermi, E. (n.d.). My Observations During the Explosion at Trinity on July 16, 1945. Atomarchive.com. https://www. atomicarchive.com/resources/documents/trinity/fermi. html 11 Example solution: 題解一例： Physics Books in HKUST Library 科大圖書館裡的物理書 To get a sense of this estimation method, let’s try to solve this problem: What is the order of magnitude of the number of physics books (including e-books) in the HKUST Library? 讓我們嘗試用「費米估算」的方法解答以下問題：哪 個是香港科技大學圖書館物理學書藏（包括電子書） 數量的數量級？ A) 10 B) 100 C) 1,000 D) 10,000 This is an open-ended question. You are free to tackle the problem in your own way, and make any useful assumptions, e.g. science books can be generally divided into four subjects. A basic fact: The six-story HKUST Library has a collection of 2,442,592 books (including e-books). 這是一道開放式問題，你可以用自己的方法解題，隨 意作任何有用的假設，譬如假設科學書大致可以分成 四個科目等。以下一項基本資訊：科大圖書館是個有 合共六層的圖書館，共收藏2,442,592本書（包括電子 書）。
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