School of Science Department of Chemistry 10 The Impact of Spike Mutations on SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Supervisor: SU Haibin / CHEM Student: JEON Yewon / CHEM Course: UROP 1100, Spring This report synthesizes insights from recent seminal research on the influenza virus, with a focus on the structural and functional dynamics of hemaglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). By reviewing key literature, including studies by Krammer et al., McAuley et al., and Liu et al., we explore how interactions between HA and NA influence influenza's evolutionary potential and vaccine efficacy. Findings highlight the necessity of considering both HA and NA in vaccine design due to their significant impact on viral antigenicity and fitness. The transition in research from COVID-19 to influenza within our group underscores the ongoing need to balance emergent and seasonal viral threats, leveraging computational tools to enhance data analysis and vaccine development strategies. The Impact of Spike Mutations on SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Supervisor: SU Haibin / CHEM Student: LIN Sijia / CHEM Course: UROP 1100, Fall UROP 2100, Spring Viruses infect, replicate, and evolve all the time. SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses are two major players closely linked to the human society in recent years. Understanding the evolution of two viruses is important for us to tackle viral problems. Both experimental and literature review methods were utilized to investigate the receptor binding proteins. Molecular dynamics was used to explore the relationship between specific mutations on different variant sequences and the ‘open’ or ‘close’ conformation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Background information not limited to sequence statistics and vaccination development model of Influenza from swine flu to human flu have been gathered and compared with SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Further data analyses and literature review will be proceeded. The Impact of Spike Mutations on SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Supervisor: SU Haibin / CHEM Student: WOO Pok Yin / CHEM Course: UROP 1000, Summer Seasonal influenza epidemics and sporadic pandemics are caused by the influenza virus, a serious infection. Influenza is a contagious viral infection in seasonal epidemics, usually in winter. It belongs to the family of RNA viruses known as orthomyxoviruses, which are distinguished by their segmented genome structure and capacity to infect both people and animals with respiratory diseases. The influenza virus is a small, spherical virus with virions that normally have a diameter of 80–120 nanometres (nm). The virus is a single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) negative-sense virus, and its genome is only about 13.5 kilobases (kb) in size. However, the influenza virus is very complicated as the virus having eight different segments in its genome. The capacity of the virus to multiply, infect host cells, and elude the immune system is largely dependent on the 11 distinct proteins that these segments encode.
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