NEWSLETTER ISSUE NO.7 SPRING 2025 HKUST PPOL
Head’s Message 2 Achievements and Grants 3 Ongoing Projects 8 Scholarly Showcase 11 Conferences and Events 19 Student Hub 30 News and Upcoming Events 37 CONTENTS
Welcome to the first 2025 edition of our biannual Division of Public Policy newsletter! It is with great pleasure that I present this window into our work—capturing the strides we made in the final quarter of 2024 and looking ahead to a dynamic Year of the Snake. This publication reaches not only our dedicated faculty, researchers, staff, and students but also our colleagues across HKUST and valued stakeholders beyond our campus. These pages highlight the impressive efforts of our PPOL community— faculty, researchers, and students alike—whose work continues to drive innovation and impact. You’ll find accounts of recent projects, events, and achievements that reflect our shared pursuit of excellence, often in partnership with other academic units and external collaborators. These efforts underscore our role within HKUST and in the broader policy landscape. As we turn to the future, I invite your engagement. Whether you’re within HKUST or among our external partners, your ideas—on new collaborations, research directions, or ways to address pressing societal challenges—are warmly welcomed. Together, we can forge fresh paths and extend our reach across disciplines and communities. My thanks go to all of you—within our Division, across the university, and in the wider network—for your support and involvement. Please share your thoughts as we embark on this next chapter. Here’s to a year of bold exploration and meaningful outcomes! HEAD’S MESSAGE Professor Naubahar SHARIF Division of Public Policy, HKUST 2
i ACHIEVEMENTS AND GRANTS 3
4 The Division of Public Policy at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology is proud to announce that Professor Masaru Yarime has been honored as a 2024 Highly Ranked Scholar - Lifetime in the specialty of Sustainability by ScholarGPS. This prestigious recognition highlights Professor Yarime’s exceptional productivity and significant impact in the field, placing him among the top 0.05% of scholars worldwide. Professor Yarime is an Associate Professor in the Division of Public Policy, where he specializes in sustainability, innovation, and environmental governance. His research contributions have advanced academic understanding and informed public policy discussions and practices in Hong Kong and beyond. ScholarGPS is a leading platform that powers scholarly analytics, providing comprehensive evaluations of researchers and their work. It identifies and recognizes high-impact scholars across various disciplines based on their productivity, influence, and contributions to their fields. By analyzing a wide range of metrics, ScholarGPS helps to highlight exceptional researchers, fostering a deeper understanding of their impact on academia and society. This accolade reflects Professor Yarime’s dedication to fostering sustainable development and his commitment to addressing complex societal challenges through interdisciplinary collaboration. The Division of Public Policy celebrates this remarkable achievement and looks forward to Professor Yarime’s continued contributions to both academia and the broader community. Congratulations, Professor Yarime, on this well-deserved recognition! ACHIEVEMENTS AND GRANTS Achievements Recognition of Professor Masaru Yarime as a Highly Ranked Scholar in Sustainability Professor Masaru Yarime Associate Professor, PPOL
5 ACHIEVEMENTS AND GRANTS We are thrilled to announce that Prof. He, Associate Professor of the Division of Public Policy and Acting Director of the Institute for Public Policy, has been reappointed as a Member of the Assessment Panel for Competitive Research Funding Schemes for the Local Self-financing Degree Sector of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council. His continued service from March 1, 2025, to February 28, 2027, reflects his dedication and expertise as a policy scientist overseeing the H-panel for humanities and social sciences. Since beginning his RGC service in 2020, Prof. He has become one of the longest-serving members of the APSF. Congratulations, Prof. He, on this well-deserved recognition! Your contributions are invaluable to our division and the field of public policy. Prof. Alex Jingwei He Reappointed to Hong Kong Research Grants Council Assessment Panel Professor Alex Jingwei He Associate Professor, PPOL Acting Director, IPP Achievements
6 ACHIEVEMENTS AND GRANTS Dr. Marie N. Bernal Receives the Academy of Education Excellence (AEE) Fellowship Award The Division of Public Policy is proud to announce that Dr. Marie N. Bernal, Lecturer and Co-Director of the Master of Public Policy Program, has been awarded the title of Junior Fellow by the Academy of Education Excellence (AEE). The AEE, facilitated by the Center for Education Innovation (CEI), recognizes faculty members at HKUST who exhibit a strong commitment to enhancing their teaching skills and contributing to effective teaching practices. As a Junior Fellow, Dr. Bernal will embark on a three-year fellowship commencing on January 24, 2025, and concluding on January 23, 2028. During this period, she will engage in various initiatives aimed at improving educational practices, including hosting workshops, participating in seminars, and contributing articles to newsletters. This prestigious recognition highlights Dr. Bernal’s dedication to professional growth and her commitment to fostering academic excellence within our division. Her contributions will not only benefit her professional development but also enhance the learning experiences of our students and the broader academic community. We extend our heartfelt congratulations to Dr. Bernal and look forward to her impactful contributions as she embarks on this exciting journey with the AEE. Dr. Marie N. Bernal Program Co-Director, Master of Public Policy
7 Project Description The aim of the project is to explore the burgeoning landscape of online health services in China, driven by the proliferation of digital technologies, rising consumerism in healthcare, and an increasing burden of chronic diseases. These factors have collectively contributed to an unprecedented growth in online health services globally, with Asian economies leading the charge. This is largely due to a higher consumer acceptance of alternative medicine and a greater willingness to share personal health information in the region. Even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, China’s online healthcare market was projected to exceed 59 million users by the end of 2020, with expectations to grow over twentyfold by 2026, reaching a market size of approximately US$26 billion. The pandemic has further accelerated this growth, revitalizing momentum in online healthcare services. While the market appears lucrative, uncertainties surrounding market prospects and policy environments persist. Given the high stakes involved, policymakers face the challenge of designing a regulatory framework that balances essential safety and ethical standards with the need for innovation and entrepreneurialism. This project aims to map the market landscape of online health services in China, review current regulatory arrangements, identify potential weaknesses, and provide new insights into the future prospects of this emerging sector. AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS Grants Leading Faculty : Alex Jingwei HE Project Title : Thriving Online Health Services in China: Regulatory Challenges and Market Opportunities Funding Agency : Institute for Emerging Market Studies, HKUST Amount Awarded : HK$80,000
8 ONGOING PROJECTS Leading Faculty Prof. Raul Lejano Funding Agency Chief Executive’s Project List 2023- Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust HKUST, HKUST (GZ), and Guangdong Science and Technology Department Beat Drugs Fund Association, Narcotics Division, Security Bureau Mental Health Initiatives Funding Scheme, Advisory Committee on Mental Health Mental Health Initiatives Funding Scheme, Advisory Committee on Mental Health Center for Aging Science, HKUST Project Enhancing the Mental Health of Hong Kong’s Non-Chinese Youth Aged 15-24 (2024 – Now) Mental Well-Being in the Greater Bay Area (GBA): An Interdisciplinary Approach to Awareness, Assessment, and Intervention (2024 – Now) Learning from the Past and Acting for the Future of Hong Kong’s Ethnic Minorities: A Comprehensive Analysis of BDF Research Projects and Culturally Sensitive Anti-drug Studies Among South Asians in Hong Kong (2024 – Now) Strengthening Family Relationships for Hong Kong’s Ethnic Minority Communities in the Aftermath of the Covid-19 Pandemic (2023 – Now) Supporting Ethnic Minority Elderly with Mental Health Needs (2023 – Now) Towards a More Inclusive Hong Kong: Covid-19, Mental Well-being, and Mitigation Strategies for a Multicultural Elderly Community (2022 – Now) RGC - General Research Fund RGC - General Research Fund 30 for 30 Research Initiative Scheme Can We Regulate Our way to a Circular Economy? A Study of the Relationship between Extended Producer Responsibility Regulation and Sustainable Innovation in the Textile Industry (2025 – Now) Towards 1.5C Lifestyles: What motivates sustainable consumption choices in Hong Kong? (2022 – Now) Carbon Neutral Hong Kong 2020: A Pilot Superdisciplinary Analysis Framework (2023 – Now) HKUST Faculty Start-up Funding Determinants of Pro-Environmental Behavior (2024 – Now) Prof. Naubahar Sharif Prof. Kira Matus
9 Leading Faculty Prof. Pengyu Zhu Funding Agency RGC – Research Fellow Scheme Project Regional Science and Complex Systems: A Five-year Research Plan on Transportation, Land Use, Labor, and Innovation Systems (2024 – Now) Prof. Alex Jingwei He RGC - General Research Fund RGC - General Research Fund Local Government Innovation under Political Recentralization in Contemporary China: A Two-stage Sequential Study (2024 – Now) Technocrats and Mid-Level Policy Entrepreneurship in China: Explaining Local Policy Innovations in the Social Welfare Arena (2023 – Now) Prof. Masaru Yarime Social Science Research Council (SSRC), United States UKinSPIRE Award, University of Kentucky, United States Global Engagement Funds, University College London Institute for Emerging Market Studies, HKUST Data Governance for Innovation for Sustainable Smart Cities: A Comparative Analysis of Japan, the United States, and China (2024 – Now) How the Governance of Standards and Geopolitics Shape Competition in the Global Economy (2024 – Now) Public Perspectives on Personal Data Use for Personalized Covid-19 Advice (2022 – Now) The Smart City as a Field of Innovation: Effects of Public-Private Data Collaboration on Innovation in the Guangdong Province and Implications for the Greater Bay Area (2022 – Now) Prof. Julien de Troullioud de Lanversin Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies, HKUST Using Machine Learning with Gamma Spectrometry to Verify Subcritical Tests ONGOING PROJECTS
ONGOING PROJECTS Learning from the Past and Acting for the Future of Hong Kong’s Ethnic Minorities This three-year project, Learning from the Past and Acting for the Future of Hong Kong’s Ethnic Minorities: A Comprehensive Analysis of BDF Research Projects and Culturally Sensitive Anti-drug Studies Among South Asians in Hong Kong, funded by the Beat Drugs Fund, HKSARG, officially commenced on September 15, 2024. This initiative seeks to address the rising prevalence of drug use within Hong Kong’s Ethnic Minority communities, with a particular emphasis on South Asians, including Nepalese, Indians, and Pakistanis. Our mission is to leverage insights from past research and conduct new, comprehensive studies to develop culturally sensitive anti-drug policies and prevention strategies while engaging directly with affected communities. Project Rationale The increasing incidence of drug use among EM groups in Hong Kong highlights the urgent need for targeted, culturally aware interventions. These communities face distinct challenges, including language barriers, cultural stigmas, and limited access to services, which make traditional anti-drug approaches less effective. This project aims to address these gaps by building on lessons learned from previous Beat Drugs Fund research while incorporating new, evidence-based insights into the development of community-centered solutions. A Vision for the Future This project represents more than research and policy recommendations — it is a commitment to empowering historically underserved communities. By fostering collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and Ethnic Minority communities, we hope to create a healthier, safer society where every individual has the resources and support needed to thrive. Project Highlight 10
SCHOLARLY SHOWCASE 11
12 He, Alex Jingwei, Zhuoni Zhang, Pritish Anand, and Sean McMinn. “Embracing generative artificial intelligence tools in higher education: A survey study at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.” Journal of Asian Public Policy 18, no. 1 (2025). Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy SCHOLARLY SHOWCASE Focus of Study This study investigates the use of ChatGPT among students at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), focusing on its impact on learning and career development. A survey of 680 students revealed high engagement with ChatGPT, with most intending to continue its use. Demographic factors such as age, gender, and field of study significantly influenced perceptions and usage patterns. Notably, research postgraduate students demonstrated greater reliance on ChatGPT, while male students perceived a stronger impact on their learning outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of AI literacy in enhancing the benefits of generative AI tools in education. Policy Recommendations Higher education institutions should implement mandatory AI literacy courses to equip all students with essential skills for leveraging tools like ChatGPT effectively. Additionally, policies should be tailored to address demographic differences in AI tool usage, ensuring equitable access and maximizing the educational benefits of generative AI technologies. Luo, Gloria Wenting, Viktória Döme, Weronika Cycak, and Kira JM Matus. “Innovation policy for sustainability transitions in small economies: Energy technology innovation in Hong Kong.” Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 51 (2024): 100841. Focus of Study The article analyzes Hong Kong’s innovation policy for sustainable energy transitions, comparing it with 11 other small, high-income economies. It identifies 696 innovation interventions from 2008 to 2020, categorizing them into 42 policy instruments. The findings reveal that Hong Kong’s policy mix relies heavily on overarching strategies and demand-side policies, but lacks sufficient support for domestic clean energy technology R&D. This gap hinders the city’s capacity to overcome the “valley of death” in innovation, contrasting with more proactive peers that provide targeted R&D funding and business support. Policy Recommendations To enhance its energy innovation capabilities, Hong Kong should develop a strategic research and innovation framework specifically targeting clean energy technologies. This includes increasing R&D funding, fostering public-private partnerships, and implementing clearer policy guidelines to support the commercialization of innovative solutions and effectively bridge the innovation gap.
SCHOLARLY SHOWCASE Chan, Keith Jin Deng, Gleb Papyshev, and Masaru Yarime, “Balancing the Tradeoff between Regulation and Innovation for Artificial Intelligence: An Analysis of Top-down Command and Control and Bottom-up Self-Regulatory Approaches,” Technology in Society, 79, 102747 (2024). Focus of Study The article analyzes the balance between regulation and innovation in artificial intelligence (AI) through a game-theoretic model. It compares top-down regulatory approaches, as seen in the EU and China, with bottom-up self-regulatory strategies in the UK and Russia. The findings suggest that the optimal level of regulatory stringency depends on foreign competition and institutional parameters. When foreign competition is high or low, stringent regulation benefits consumer welfare; however, light regulation may be optimal at intermediate competition levels. The study underscores the need for a nuanced approach to regulation, balancing consumer protection with innovation incentives. Policy Recommendations Governments should adopt a flexible regulatory framework for AI, adjusting stringency based on foreign competition levels. This approach should ensure consumer protection while fostering innovation, particularly in dynamic environments where rapid technological advancements occur. Regular assessments of regulatory impact should inform adjustments to maintain this balance. Kobashi, Takuro, Eric Zusman, Makoto Taniguchi, and Masaru Yarime, “Facilitating a Carbon Neutral Transition in Kyoto: Initiatives on Rooftop Photovoltaics Integrated with Electric Vehicles,” Technology in Society, 80, 102774 (2025). Focus of Study The article discusses the urgent need for urban decarbonization as cities face the challenge of accommodating a growing population while achieving carbon neutrality. It explores the potential of integrating rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) with electric vehicles (EVs) in Kyoto, Japan, through the “SolarEV City Concept.” By analyzing the Kyoto Miraimon Project, the study highlights the opportunities and challenges of establishing a community-scale “PV + EV” system. The authors emphasize the importance of collaboration among stakeholders, including government, industry, and academia, to align interests and accelerate technological adoption. The findings suggest that such integrated systems could significantly reduce CO2 emissions and energy costs, contributing to Kyoto’s decarbonization goals. Policy Recommendations To facilitate the adoption of “PV + EV” systems, policymakers should prioritize funding for infrastructure improvements, including EV charging stations and rooftop PV installations. Additionally, creating supportive regulatory frameworks that incentivize public-private partnerships and community engagement is essential for overcoming barriers and promoting sustainable energy transitions. 13
14 Environmental Policy and Sustainability Chen, Xiaodong, Zhuang Miao, Ge Wu, and Pengyu Zhu. “City-level green growth accounting: Evidence from China’s thirteen urban agglomerations.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 203 (2024): 114776. Focus of Study This article investigates the industrial sector’s role in achieving carbon neutrality in China’s thirteen urban agglomerations (TUAs) from 2006 to 2016. Utilizing a novel Malmquist productivity index framework, the study evaluates how efficiency changes and technological advancements contribute to environmental productivity growth. Findings reveal an average annual productivity gain of 2.6%, primarily driven by energy use and pollutant management, with industrial sulfur dioxide emissions being notably impactful. However, a negative ‘catch-up effect’ (−0.2%) indicates that less advanced areas struggle to match the productivity of more developed regions. The research emphasizes the necessity of technology transfer and capital investment to improve environmental performance. Overall, the study provides crucial insights for policymakers aiming to enhance sustainable development by addressing the complexities of industrial activities and their environmental consequences. Policy Recommendations To enhance environmental performance in China’s TUAs, policymakers should prioritize technology transfers from advanced regions and increase investments in renewable energy. Implementing tailored regulatory measures for industrial emissions, especially sulfur dioxide, will foster sustainable development and mitigate the negative environmental impacts associated with industrial growth. SCHOLARLY SHOWCASE Yang, Lin, Yatang Lin, Jin Wang, and Fangyuan Peng. “Achieving Air Pollution Control Targets with Technology-Aided Monitoring: Better Enforcement or Localized Efforts?.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 16, no. 4 (2024): 280-315.. Focus of Study This paper investigates the impact of automated monitoring systems on air pollution control in China, particularly in the context of the country’s efforts to combat pollution. The study leverages a staggered rollout of monitoring technology and remote-sensing data to assess local government responses. Findings reveal that local authorities strategically target pollution reduction efforts in areas near automated monitors, achieving a 3.2 percent decrease in pollution levels in those zones compared to areas further away. The research highlights variability in responses among different cities, influenced by preexisting practices of data manipulation and the incentives and public pressures faced by local officials. This suggests that while automated monitoring can enhance accountability, its effectiveness may be contingent upon the local governance context and existing incentives. Overall, the study underscores the need for a nuanced understanding of how technological advancements can be leveraged to improve environmental policy outcomes. Policy Recommendations To enhance air quality management, policymakers should invest in automated monitoring systems while ensuring transparency and accountability in local governance. Additionally, aligning incentives for local officials with pollution control objectives can mitigate data manipulation, fostering genuine efforts to reduce pollution and achieve environmental targets across diverse urban contexts.
15 Social and Urban Policy Low, Donald. The Price of Zero : China’s Policy Missteps during and after Covid. Hong Kong: Regal Printing Limited, 2024. Focus of Study The book delves into the causes and economic consequences of China’s zero-Covid policy. Initially effective in controlling the outbreak, this approach eventually led to significant challenges as the virus became more transmissible and as highly effective vaccines became available. The government’s reliance on strict suppression measures, combined with a series of regulatory crackdowns, weakened consumer and investor confidence, and created deflationary pressures. Despite the authorities stepping up efforts to catalyze an economic recovery in last quarter of 2024, underlying structural problems – such as a low consumption share of GDP, over-reliance investment to drive growth, high levels of corporate and local government debt, and a prolonged property slump – are unlikely to go away soon. It is also unclear how the new emphasis on new quality productive forces would end deflation, given concerns over excess supply. The book underlines the importance of adapting policies to (fast-) evolving circumstances, and highlights the perils of hubris, utopian thinking, and overconfidence in policymaking. Policy Recommendations Policymakers should prioritize flexible, evidence-based strategies that integrate public health and economic considerations. Transparent communication and regular evaluations of policy effectiveness are crucial. Additionally, fostering public trust through social welfare investments can mitigate fear and enhance resilience, ultimately supporting a balanced approach to crisis management and economic recovery. SCHOLARLY SHOWCASE Ma, Haoran, Yan Zhang, Pengyuan Liu, Fan Zhang, and Pengyu Zhu. “How does spatial structure affect psychological restoration? A method based on graph neural networks and street view imagery.” Landscape and Urban Planning 251 (2024): 105171. Focus of Study This study explores how urban spatial structure impacts psychological restoration by employing a spatial-dependent graph neural network (GNN) approach. Utilizing sequential street view images, the research constructs street-level and city-level graphs to capture visual relationships and topological structures, integrating various perceptual and socioeconomic features. The findings indicate that the GNN model significantly outperforms traditional methods, achieving an accuracy of 0.742 and an F1 score of 0.740. Results highlight that naturally relevant entities, such as trees, play a more crucial role in enhancing restoration quality than artificial structures like buildings. This research addresses gaps in prior studies that relied on isolated assessments, providing a comprehensive understanding of how spatial structures contribute to psychological restoration in urban environments. The study’s innovative approach could inform urban planning strategies aimed at improving mental well-being through enhanced environmental design. Policy Recommendations Urban planners should prioritize green infrastructure, such as parks and trees, in city designs to enhance psychological restoration. Implementing spatial structures that promote natural elements can significantly improve urban well-being. Utilizing advanced analytical methods, like graph neural networks, can guide effective urban planning decisions for healthier environments.
Wu, Sherry Jueyu, Ke Michael Mai, Ming Zhuang, and Fangxin Yi. “A large-scale field experiment on participatory decision-making in China.” Nature Human Behaviour (2024): 1-8. Focus of Study This article examines the effects of participatory budgeting in centralized regimes, particularly in China. This approach empowers citizens by granting them a voice in local government spending, fostering civic engagement, and enhancing overall satisfaction with government services. A study conducted in Chengdu with nearly 8,000 residents revealed that participants in the budgeting process displayed a heightened interest in civic engagement and greater satisfaction with the central government when compared to a control group. Importantly, this engagement did not result in increased cynicism or dissatisfaction with the regime; instead, it fostered a sense of responsiveness and pride among participants. The findings suggest that introducing democratic elements within undemocratic systems can positively influence citizen attitudes and improve evaluations of public policy, thereby bolstering the resilience of centralized governance. Policy Recommendations To further enhance citizen engagement and satisfaction in centralized regimes, policymakers should implement participatory budgeting processes. This strategy not only empowers citizens but also strengthens their connection to the government, fostering pride and promoting constructive civic involvement without undermining the existing political framework. 16 Cologna, Viktoria, Niels G. Mede, Sebastian Berger, John Besley, Cameron Brick, Marina Joubert, ... Michael Tyrala, ... and Rolf A. Zwaan. “Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.” Nature Human Behaviour (2025): 1-18. Focus of Study This article examines public trust in scientists across 68 countries through a large-scale survey involving 71,922 respondents. The findings reveal that most people have relatively high trust in scientists (mean trust level = 3.62, on a scale from 1 = very low trust to 5 = very high trust) and believe they should play a more active role in society and policymaking. Variability in trust levels is influenced by demographic factors, political orientation, and country-specific contexts. While the overall trust in scientists is moderate to high, concerns arise from a minority of individuals who exhibit skepticism, particularly those with conservative beliefs or science-related populist attitudes. The study highlights the importance of aligning scientific priorities with public expectations, particularly in critical areas like improving public health, solving energy problems, and reducing poverty. Effective science communication and public engagement are essential for maintaining trust and ensuring evidence-based policymaking. Policy Recommendations Policymakers should promote active engagement between scientists and the public by facilitating transparent communication and collaboration on pressing societal issues. By aligning research priorities with community needs, such as improving public health, solving energy problems, and reducing poverty, trust in scientific expertise can be strengthened, supporting effective evidence-based policymaking. SCHOLARLY SHOWCASE
17 Baru, Rama, Ramila Bisht, Alex Jingwei He, Madhurima Nundy, Hongsoo Kim, Thresia Cu, Jae Yoon Yi, and Minxing Chen. World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, and Asia Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Public-Private Mix for Continuity of Care for Older Persons: Study of Select Countries in the Asia Pacific Region. Vol. 7, no. 1. WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2024. Focus of Study This study, titled “Public-private Mix for Continuity of Care for Older Persons,” conducted by the Asia-Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, examines health and social care systems for the elderly in selected Asia-Pacific countries, including Hong Kong, South Korea, India, and China. With Professor Alex Jingwei He as a key member of the multinational interdisciplinary research consortium, this collaborative research highlights the challenges posed by fragmented services and emphasizes the necessity for integrated care models. The study reveals that while countries adopt diverse approaches to elder care, effective public-private partnerships (PPPs) can significantly enhance service delivery and ensure continuity of care for older adults. The findings stress the importance of employing needs assessment tools and leveraging digitalization to improve care coordination. Ultimately, the report aims to provide actionable insights for policymakers, helping them to create more effective and sustainable care systems tailored to the needs of the aging population. By addressing the complexities of elder care through a comprehensive analysis of current practices and potential improvements, the study seeks to foster better health outcomes for older persons across the region. Policy Recommendations Health policymakers should prioritize the establishment of robust public-private partnerships to enhance care continuity for older persons. Additionally, investing in training for caregivers, implementing needs assessment tools, and leveraging digital solutions are crucial for improving service integration and ensuring high-quality care in the region. SCHOLARLY SHOWCASE
Rai, Arun, yanzhen Chen, and Yatang Lin. “Exclusion for Public Safety or Inclusion for Gig Employment: Managing the Tension with a Trilogy of Guardians.” MIS Quarterly 48, no. 4 (2024). Focus of Study This article explores the dual objectives of gig platforms, which aim to provide income opportunities for socially and economically marginalized individuals while addressing safety concerns associated with unregulated drivers on Transportation Network Company (TNC) platforms like Uber and Lyft. It discusses the necessity for background check laws (BCLs) and conceptualizes a trilogy of guardians—government, TNC platforms, and the community—to foster ridesharing safety while minimizing the social costs of excluding marginalized workers. The authors highlight the unintended consequences of BCLs, which can inadvertently shift crime into property-related offenses. They propose that digital safety technologies, such as in-app safety features, can serve as effective alternatives to BCLs. Additionally, community resources can mitigate the negative impacts of strict BCLs by offering alternative income sources and enhancing the effectiveness of digital deterrents. The study advocates for a holistic approach to social justice, emphasizing the interdependence of various stakeholders in achieving both public safety and inclusivity in gig employment. Policy Recommendations Policymakers should prioritize the implementation of digital safety technologies as alternatives to stringent background check laws for TNC drivers. Additionally, fostering community resources can provide marginalized individuals with viable income opportunities while enhancing public safety, ensuring that inclusivity and safety coexist within the gig economy framework. SCHOLARLY SHOWCASE 18
19 CONFERENCES AND EVENTS
On January 18, 2025, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Division of Public Policy (HKUST) and the Education University of Hong Kong co-organized a significant event in their Public Policy Dialogue Series titled “Is Hong Kong’s Population Policy Working? Coping with Demographic Challenges and Attracting Talent.” The conference brought together experts to discuss the critical demographic issues facing Hong Kong and explore effective policy responses. The event was moderated by Associate Professor Alex He Jingwei from HKUST, who guided the discussions and facilitated engaging dialogues among the speakers. Professor Anthony Cheung, a leading figure in public administration and former Secretary for Transport and Housing, opened the conference with a comprehensive overview of the evolution of Hong Kong’s population policy. He highlighted the formation of a task force in 2002 and subsequent policy reviews in 2007 and 2012, emphasizing the need for continuous adaptation to changing demographics. The establishment of the Human Resources Planning Commission in 2018 was also noted as a key development aimed at consolidating government and sectoral efforts to support a diversified economy. A central theme of the conference was the demographic challenges currently facing Hong Kong. The elderly population (aged 65 and over) is projected to rise from 20.5% in 2021 to 36% by 2046, while the total fertility rate has significantly declined. This trend raises concerns about a shrinking workforce and potential brain drain, as many young, skilled residents seek opportunities abroad. The discussions also underscored the importance of health and quality of life. Although life expectancy is increasing, disparities in health outcomes, particularly among vulnerable populations, remain a pressing issue. The need for a comprehensive approach to healthcare and social services was emphasized, especially given the increasing dependency ratio. The conference featured a series of presentations from esteemed speakers, including Professor Paul Yip, Professor Lui Tai-lok, Dr. Wendy Hong Wen, and Professor Tang Heiwai. They introduced strategic initiatives from the current administration (2022-27), such as expanding talent admission schemes, enhancing labor importation programs in essential sectors, and implementing family-friendly measures to foster a supportive environment for childbearing. The event concluded with a call for public engagement and transparent policymaking to effectively address these complex demographic issues. By integrating diverse perspectives and fostering collaboration, the conference highlighted the urgency of innovative solutions to secure a sustainable future for Hong Kong amidst significant demographic shifts. Overall, this conference served as a crucial platform for dialogue, focusing on the challenges and opportunities within Hong Kong’s population policy framework. CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 20 Is Hong Kong’s Population Policy Working? Coping with Demographic Challenges and Attracting Talent Public Policy Dialogue Series 2024 – 2025
CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 21 This session of the Policy Dialogue Series 2024-25 featured a diverse panel of experts discussing key issues in Hong Kong’s policy landscape. The event was moderated by Assistant Professor Benjamin Steuer from HKUST, who facilitated the dialogue and ensured a productive exchange of ideas. Professor Anthony B. L. Cheung opened the discussion by emphasizing the importance of effective policy delivery in enhancing governance capacity and public trust. He addressed the challenges faced by the Hong Kong government, highlighting issues such as legislative gridlock and over-politicization. Cheung stressed that successful governance requires not only strategic planning but also the ability to adapt to changing circumstances and engage various stakeholders. Professor Lui Tai-lok focused on the implications of organizing mega events in Hong Kong. He acknowledged the government’s efforts to rejuvenate the city’s image post-COVID-19 through such events but questioned their long-term effectiveness. Tai-lok argued that while it is essential to attract visitors, the quality and distinctiveness of these events should be prioritized to ensure they contribute meaningfully to the city’s reputation and economic recovery. Dr. Kay Lam Chi-yan discussed the critical role of policy review in the current governance environment. She highlighted the importance of learning from past policy mistakes and emphasized the need for a structured approach to evaluation. Lam proposed the establishment of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to measure the effectiveness of policies, advocating for a system that encourages continuous improvement and accountability. Professor Christine Loh tackled the issue of waste disposal charging, emphasizing the “polluters pay” principle. She pointed out the necessity of public understanding and consensus for successful implementation. Loh warned that community opposition and legislative controversies could hinder progress, stressing the importance of transparent communication and stakeholder engagement to build support for waste management initiatives. Mr. Bernard Chan addressed the regulatory challenges surrounding online car-hailing services like Uber. He discussed the tension between traditional taxi services and new entrants in the sharing economy. Chan advocated for a balanced regulatory framework that encourages innovation while ensuring fair competition, highlighting the need for policies that adapt to technological advancements and changing consumer expectations. Throughout the dialogue, the speakers collectively emphasized the importance of governance and policy delivery in addressing contemporary challenges in Hong Kong. They underscored the need for transparency, accountability, and effective communication in building public trust. The event provided a platform for exchanging insights and best practices in policy delivery. The discussions highlighted the significance of active stakeholder engagement and collaboration in achieving successful policy outcomes. The dialogue concluded with a shared commitment to fostering a more inclusive and responsive governance framework that can effectively address the community’s needs while promoting sustainable development in Hong Kong. Lessons in Policy Delivery: Waste Disposal Charging, Online Car Hailing, and Mega Events Public Policy Dialogue Series 2024 – 2025
22 On February 14, 2025, the Division of Public Policy (PPOL), in collaboration with the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), the Institute for Emerging Market Studies (IEMS), the Institute for Public Policy (IPP), and EY, organized a pivotal conference titled “Managing Disruptive Technologies and Platform Economy: Labor Market and Social Policy Implications.” This event brought together a diverse group of policymakers, practitioners, and scholars to examine the profound effects of emerging technologies on labor markets and social policies. The conference commenced with an inspiring opening ceremony featuring distinguished speakers. Dr. Alex Jingwei He, Acting Director of the Institute for Public Policy and Associate Professor at PPOL, welcomed attendees and emphasized the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing the challenges posed by disruptive technologies. The first panel session, moderated by Professor Bert Shi, showcased influential voices in the field. The panelists included Professor Albert Park, Chief Economist at the Asian Development Bank, Dr. Hon Wendy Wen Hong, a member of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Professor Yike Guo, Provost and Chair Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at HKUST, and Mr. Chris Leung, Partner in Financial Services Technology Consulting at Ernst & Young Advisory Services Limited. They discussed the implications of technological advancements on labor dynamics and the urgent need for adaptive regulatory frameworks. As the conference progressed, Professor Naubahar Sharif, Head of the Division of Public Policy, led a captivating session on the landscape of labor markets in the context of new technologies. His expertise guided discussions on migration and labor adjustments, encouraging participants to consider innovative solutions for the challenges ahead. Professor Donald Low, Director of Leadership and Public Policy Executive Education Programs, moderated a session focused on regulatory and policy responses. His insights were instrumental in addressing the complexities faced by platform workers and the necessity for effective policy interventions. In the final session, Dr. Alex Jingwei He returned to facilitate discussions on welfare policy and social protection, highlighting the critical role of gender considerations in labor market policies. Participants engaged in meaningful conversations about creating inclusive policies that address the unique challenges faced by women in the platform economy. This conference was a significant step in advancing the conversation around technology and public policy, showcasing the Division of Public Policy’s commitment to fostering these essential dialogues. As we move forward, PPOL will continue to collaborate with experts across various fields to shape effective policies for a rapidly changing future. Managing Disruptive Technologies and Platform Economy: Labor Market and Social Policy Implications CONFERENCES AND EVENTS
On November 28, 2024, the Policy Forum on The Belt and Road Initiative: Multi-disciplinary Perspectives from Academia and Government took place at Wynn Palace, commemorating the 25th Anniversary of Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST). Co-organized by the Division of Public Policy at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the event attracted over 200 participants, including esteemed government officials and academic leaders. Professor Naubahar Sharif, Head of the Division of Public Policy, expertly moderated a roundtable discussion that featured notable speakers such as Chair Professor Zhiwu Chen, Chair Professor James Z. Lee, and Chair Professor Francis T. Lui. The forum provided a platform for discussing the diverse impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on global and regional development. Topics included the economic significance of the BRI, opportunities for technological advancements, and the role of education in fostering international collaboration. The forum kicked off with a keynote address from Mr. Liu Xianfa, the Commissioner of the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He emphasized the BRI’s evolution from concept to action, highlighting its role as a catalyst for international cooperation and shared benefits among participating countries. Discussions also delved into specific challenges and opportunities presented by the BRI. For instance, the potential for leveraging the initiative for technological upgrading and development opportunities for countries like Pakistan was explored. The speakers provided insights into how Macau, as a unique bridge between China and Portuguese-speaking nations, can capitalize on its strategic advantages to enhance its role within the BRI framework. The event concluded with remarks from Professor of Practice Tong Ka Lok, who summarized the key takeaways and expressed hope for the continued development of the BRI with a focus on quality and sustainability. This forum marks a significant step toward fostering collaboration between academia and government in navigating the complexities of the BRI. Forum: The Belt and Road Initiative: Multi-disciplinary Perspectives from Academia and Government CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 23
24 The “One Hour for Young Talents” Winter 2024 Workshop, jointly organized by the China Public Administration Review (C-PAR), the Division of Public Policy (PPOL) and the Institute for Public Policy (IPP) at HKUST, was successfully held on December 20-21, 2024 on the HKUST Clear Water Bay campus. The “One Hour for Yong Talents” Workshop is a prominent series within the Chinese public policy research community. It provides young scholars with a distinguished platform for in-depth discussion on their paper with senior scholars. The Workshop commenced with welcome remarks delivered by Prof SHARIF Naubahar, Head of PPOL at HKUST, and Prof HE Alex Jingwei, Acting Director of IPP at HKUST. Prof MEI Ciqi, Associate and Managing Editor of C-PAR and Associate Professor of the School of Public Policy and Management at Tsinghua University, gave opening remarks, followed by immersive discussion sessions for papers from Tsinghua University, Renmin University of China, HKUST, HKUST (GZ), and several other leading universities, which were selected out of over 150 submitted papers. PPOL and IPP are proud to co-host the workshop with C-PAR and will continue to foster and nurture the new generation of scholars. “One Hour for Young Talents" Winter 2024 Workshop at HKUST CONFERENCES AND EVENTS
CONFERENCES AND EVENTS The Division of Public Policy at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, together with the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) and the School of Architecture at Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), successfully organized an academic seminar titled “Fiscal Decentralization, Political Regimes, and Land Development” on December 13, 2024. This event aimed to explore the pivotal role of fiscal decentralization in the realms of regional development, social welfare, public service delivery, land development, and public debt management, particularly within the context of the Greater Bay Area. The seminar featured prominent speakers, including Prof. Christine Wong from the National University of Singapore. In her keynote address, “Reaching the Tipping Point: Public Finance in China Thirty Years after the Tax-Sharing System Reform,” she examined the intricate dynamics of fiscal decentralization over the past three decades, highlighting its implications for land development and institutional frameworks. Prof. Jieming Zhu from Tongji University provided insights into the speculative property bubble in Shanghai, discussing the shifts in state regimes and their impact on real estate markets. Additionally, Prof. Ran Tao analyzed the “China Model of Growth,” emphasizing its significance for policy formulation and regional strategies. Prof. Qiang Ren explored the historical evolution of intergovernmental fiscal relationships in China, while Prof. Weiwen Zhang addressed the role of land financialization in reshaping central-local dynamics. The afternoon sessions showcased emerging scholars who presented innovative research on urban development and regional inequality, employing advanced technologies such as machine learning to propose effective policy solutions. Key topics discussed included the impact of fiscal decentralization on economic growth, government debt risks, innovative revenue structures during land development, urban debt risk management, and sustainable tax policies. The event not only fostered robust academic exchanges but also encouraged collaborative research, with attendees expressing interest in contributing to the Asian Public Policy journal. Concluding remarks highlighted the seminar’s success in creating a unique platform for interdisciplinary dialogue, offering valuable insights into the complex relationships among fiscal decentralization, institutional mechanisms, and land development in contemporary contexts. Fiscal Decentralization, Political Regimes, and Land Development 25
CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 1226 We recently hosted an engaging career talk titled “The Career Playbook: Tips and Insights from Policy Professionals,” featuring three dynamic mid-career policy professionals from leading think tanks and major corporations. Attendees had a unique opportunity to connect with industry leaders right here at the Clear Water Bay campus and gain invaluable insights into the world of public policy. During the inspiring session, our esteemed speakers shared their personal journeys, offering practical tips on effectively balancing study and work, honing internship skills, navigating the job-hunting landscape, and strategically planning career development. They delved into their experiences conducting real-world policy analysis, providing a behind-the-scenes look at the challenges and triumphs faced in the field. Participants left equipped with knowledge and skills essential for excelling in their future careers. The talk was both informative and motivating, enhancing professional journeys and fostering valuable networking opportunities. PPOL Career Talk-The Career Playbook: Tips and Insights from Policy Professionals About the Speakers Ms. Suki Han Assistant Manager, Policy & Research, Business Environment Council, Hong Kong BSc in Economics and International Affairs, Georgia Institute of Technology Master of Environmental Management, Duke University MBA, University of Chicago Booth School of Business Mr. Dicky Chow Head of Healthcare and Social Innovation, Our Hong Kong Foundation Bachelor in Law and Business Administration, The University of Hong Kong Master in Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Mr. Hui Zeng Director of Policy and Strategy Research, Autonomous Delivery Department, Meituan Master of Public Management, Tsinghua University EMBA, City University of Hong Kong
27 Seminar Archive Topic From the Minister’s Desk to the Lecture Hall: Re ections on Social and Health Policy Making in South Korea and Hong Kong Global Health Speakers Professor Sophia Siu-chee Chan (陳肇始 教授) Professor Sophia Siu-chee Chan (陳肇始 教授) served as the Secretary for Food and Health for the Hong Kong SAR Government from 2017 to 2022, becoming the rst nurse in Hong Kong to be appointed to this ministerial position. Professor Sophia Seung-yoon Lee (李承潤 教授) Professor Sophia Seung-yoon Lee (李承潤 教授) is a former Vice Chairperson of the Presidential Committee on Youth Policy Coordination (a ministerial appointment) in the Prime Minister’s Of ce of the Republic of Korea. Summary of talk In a recent seminar, two distinguished female scholars shared their experiences navigating academia and government, having held ministerial positions in South Korea and Hong Kong SAR. They engaged in a discussion on critical social and health policy issues impacting these Asian tiger economies, allowing ample time for questions and dialogue. Professor Mark Jit Professor and Chair of the Department of Global and Environmental Health at New York University. He also holds honorary appointments at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), the University of Hong Kong (HKU), and the National University of Singapore (NUS) Prof. Mark Jit brie y discussed the current state of the eld of global health in today’s changing and uncertain world. He also talked about some of the challenges and opportunities facing an academic global health department, using NYU’s recently established department as an example. CONFERENCES AND EVENTS
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