表一 碳酸氫鈉在烘焙過程中產生二氧化碳的兩種反應。 the compound in maintaining a fresher environment within kitchens, with a possibility of extension to local food waste collection points. Maintaining Dental Hygiene Baking soda doesn’t just shine in kitchens; it can also safeguard our dental health. It is used as an abrasive agent in dental air polishing by dentists to remove teeth stains [8]. Similarly, you might have seen baking soda as an ingredient in a toothpaste formula; it is added to polish and remove dental plaque and stains with the help of a toothbrush [9]. While other common abrasives in toothpaste, such as hydrated silica and calcium pyrophosphate, rely solely on physical scrubbing, the alkaline and bactericidal properties of baking soda can provide additional protection against cavities (tooth decay) [9]. After the ingestion of sugary foods, oral bacteria will metabolize the carbohydrates and produce organic acids which lower the oral pH. It is known that the solubility of enamel significantly increases when the pH is lower than 5.1–5.5, causing the demineralization (or the loss) of enamel [9, 10]. Research has shown that brushing teeth with a baking soda-based toothpaste after a meal can prevent cavities by restoring the oral pH. In addition, baking soda was also found to have bactericidal effects on various bacteria found in dental plaque, such as Streptococcus mutans, especially when used in combination with hydrogen peroxide [9]. Removing Graffiti and Stains by Soda Blasting Akin to how dentists use baking soda as abrasives to clean our teeth, soda blasting is a technique that rids the streets from graffiti paint and other stains [11]. By shooting fine particles of baking soda in compressed air or water at a pressure as low as 140 kPa, paint or rust on delicate materials like wood, masonry and copper can be removed. It is a milder method than sandblasting, which operates at 550–1,050 kPa and optimized for tougher surfaces like aircraft parts and concrete. In addition, compared to other common abrasive blasting substances, such as slags [12], soda blasting poses less risk to the respiratory health of workers, and is kinder to the environment as a non-toxic compound. The Versatile Baking Soda Summing up, baking soda is a remarkable compound with diverse applications in culinary, cleaning, and many other fields. Not only does it produce fluffy pastries, but it is also applied to keep our environment clean, our bins fresh, and our oral cavity healthy. As researchers continue to look for broader applications, baking soda will remain a versatile compound for us all. 甚麼是蘇打粉？ 蘇打粉在科學上又名碳酸氫鈉（NaHCO3），幾乎可以 在每個家庭的料理枱上找到。儘管它是眾所周知的烘焙用 品，但大多數人家裡擁有蘇打粉的原因並不是因為他們熱 愛烘焙，而是因為它在其他範疇上的用途。碳酸氫鈉是一 種弱鹼，當溶解在水中時，其酸鹼值範圍為鹼性的八至九。 本文將探討蘇打粉在家庭內外的應用。 烘焙蓬鬆糕點 在烘焙中，碳酸氫鈉主要被用作膨脹劑 [1, 2]。蘇打粉 會與食譜中的酸性成分（如他他粉、檸檬汁或乳酪等）發生 酸鹼反應，產生二氧化碳，使麵團或麵糊膨脹而造出糕點 蓬鬆的質地。酸鹼反應可以在室溫下進行，但碳酸氫鈉在 超過 50°C的溫度下也會進行熱分解，產生額外的二氧化 碳（表一）。 酸鹼反應： NaHCO3(s) + H+(aq) → Na+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) 熱分解： 2 NaHCO3(s) ⇌ Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
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