Delina, L., Fuerzas, I., Dulay, M. J., Ludovice, N.P., Tam, K. K., & Salamanca, A. “Affective relationships as nonmaterial capital assets in resilience building in the rice-terraced cultural landscapes of the Philippine Cordillera.” Applied Geography 175: 103631. Ludovice, Nicolo Paolo P. “Dairying Dependence: Industrialization and Ecological Change During the Postwar Philippines.” Halo-Halo Ecologies: The Emergent Environments Behind Filipino Food. University of Hawai’i Press. 73-88. FOCUS OF STUDY Natural hazards and socioeconomic risks, including pandemics, necessitate robust resilience-building efforts. While physical infrastructure and financial resources are critical, the importance of intangible assets, particularly affective capacity, is often overlooked. This paper highlights affective capacity as an essential intangible asset for fostering resilience among Indigenous rice farmers in Mayoyao and Hungduan, UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the northern Philippines. The research identifies various hazards impacting the geological and socioeconomic conditions of these farmers, generating cascading risks that require proactive resilience measures. Natural hazards like changing weather patterns and demographic challenges, such as an ageing population and youth outmigration, significantly affect these communities. The study emphasises the role of affective relationships in underpinning both inherent and acquired resilience. Indigenous rice farmers leverage their affective capacities through a well-established network of social capital derived from extended family ties and local community connections. This capacity is strengthened by semiformal organisations, such as farmer groups and credit unions, which provide essential knowledge and access to financial resources. Additionally, farmers engage their affective capacities through rituals and ceremonies, reflecting the importance of emotional bonds with the spiritual world in resilience-building. State institutions must actively support these relationships to enhance adaptive capacities. POLICY RECOMMENDATION Policy must recognize that resilience and innovation are not merely technical achievements but are deeply rooted in the shared experiences and affective ties of communities. By valuing local knowledge, nurturing communal bonds, and integrating diverse perspectives, governance can foster forms of preparedness and sustainability that are both adaptive and inclusive. In this way, policy becomes not just a tool of administration, but a means of imagining and sustaining new solidarities across time and place. FOCUS OF STUDY This book chapter examines the rise of canned evaporated milk and its subsequent impact to the ecologies during the postwar Philippines. Initially used as an infant food during the American colonial administration, the evaporated milk was also popular amongst children and adults. Against the backdrop of a newly-independent country in 1946, the development of a stronger local dairy industry was seen as an exercise of economic independence. By using a multiscalar analysis, this paper argues how the expansion of the evaporated milk production intensified ecological change on the national, domestic, environmental, and nutritional levels. It traces the development of the local dairy industry with the establishment of the first milk processing plants. The promotion of the evaporated filled milk, which included the use of coconut oil as substitute to butterfat cream, permitted more households to afford milk. Ecological consequences of dairy intensification include the introduction of animal breeds and plant species, new animal and plant diseases, expansion of plantations to inland forests, use of synthetic chemicals as pesticides, and the nutritional imbalance in infants. In doing so, the paper also considers issues surrounding the global dairy food regime and their impact on environmental, animal, and human health. POLICY RECOMMENDATION To build a more resilient and sustainable food system, policymakers should encourage local innovation in dairy and food production while remaining attentive to the ecological costs of industrial practices. Investing in technologies and policies that support local producers, protect environmental resources, and reduce reliance on imports can help cities balance food security with ecological responsibility. Societies can make more informed choices about what they consume and how it is produced by recognising the interconnectedness of economic, environmental, and public health concerns. 24 Scholarly Showcase
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