FOCUS OF STUDY This article investigates the impact of family policies on fertility rates in low-fertility countries, emphasizing the diverse approaches taken by different nations. It reviews existing literature, tracing historical developments and examining various methodologies. The authors categorize family policies into cash benefits, work-related leave schemes, and childcare provisions, analyzing their effectiveness in influencing fertility. While cash benefits show mixed results, work-related leave schemes and childcare support generally have a positive effect. However, the authors note that the success of these policies is often limited and context-dependent, highlighting the need for a broader understanding of family policies beyond merely increasing fertility rates. The article calls for a holistic approach that considers gender equality, work-life balance, and overall family well-being as integral components of effective family policy. POLICY RECOMMENDATION Governments should adopt comprehensive family policies that prioritize gender equality, work-life balance, and access to quality childcare, rather than solely focusing on increasing fertility rates. Tailoring these policies to local contexts will enhance their effectiveness in supporting families. FOCUS OF STUDY This article explores the demographic competition between India and China, particularly in light of India’s recent status as the world’s most populous country. It examines how demographic factors, such as age, education, and labor force participation, influence economic potential. The authors argue that while India’s younger population may offer a demographic dividend, it faces significant challenges in educational attainment and female labor force participation. In contrast, China, despite its declining population, benefits from higher educational levels and labor force participation rates. The study emphasizes that human capital development, rather than mere population size, will be crucial in determining the future economic standings of both countries over the next several decades. POLICY RECOMMENDATION India should prioritize substantial investments in education and initiatives to enhance female labor force participation. By addressing these areas, India can harness its demographic potential and ensure sustainable economic growth in the coming decades. Gauthier, Anne H., and Stuart Gietel Basten. “Family policies in low fertility countries: Evidence and reflections.” Population and Development Review 51.1 (2025): 125-161. Marois, Guillaume, Stuart Gietel-Basten, and Wolfgang Lutz. “The Demographic Race between India and China.” Population Research and Policy Review 44.4 (2025): 44. 26 Scholarly Showcase
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NDk5Njg=