SOCIAL AND URBAN POLICY FOCUS OF STUDY This study investigates the impact of rainfall on productivity within the Chinese manufacturing sector, utilizing a comprehensive dataset that combines climate data with micro-level data from over half a million firms. It identifies significant negative effects of extreme rainfall on productivity, particularly for labor-intensive and low-tech firms, as well as those in wetter regions. The research highlights three primary channels for productivity loss: reduced labor availability, disruptions in agricultural inputs, and transportation challenges. Additionally, the study explores potential adaptation strategies, such as investment in infrastructure and insurance, and projects future output losses due to increased rainfall extremes under various socioeconomic scenarios. POLICY RECOMMENDATION Policymakers should prioritize investments in infrastructure, like anti-flood dams and improved drainage systems, to mitigate the adverse effects of extreme rainfall on manufacturing productivity. Additionally, promoting adaptive strategies, such as insurance and flexible operational practices, can enhance resilience against climate variability. FOCUS OF STUDY This paper systematically reviews the literature on subnational policy entrepreneurship, focusing on the role of local government officials in driving policy changes. Analyzing 64 articles, the study identifies key characteristics, motivations, and strategies of local policy entrepreneurs. It highlights the diversity in policy sectors, forms of entrepreneurship, and outcomes across different administrative levels. The findings reveal that local policy entrepreneurs often work collectively and are motivated by a commitment to local issues, the desire to fulfill administrative tasks, and empathy for community needs. The study emphasizes the unique challenges faced by these entrepreneurs, such as limited resources and authority, which shape their strategies and impact on policy innovation. POLICY RECOMMENDATION To enhance local policy innovation, support mechanisms should be established that empower subnational policy entrepreneurs. This includes providing resources for teamwork, facilitating interagency collaboration, and integrating local insights into broader policy frameworks to ensure effective implementation and community engagement. Chen, Xiaodong, Yatang Lin, and Pengyu Zhu. “The impact of rainfall on productivity: Implications for Chinese manufacturing.” Journal of Comparative Economics (2025). Shi, Todd Yuda, and Alex Jingwei He. “Subnational policy entrepreneurs in action: a systematic quantitative review.” Journal of Public Policy (2025): 1-27. 29 Scholarly Showcase
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