Seminar Archive Mr. Ian VARELA SOARES PhD in Public Policy Mitigating Cloud Computing Emissions at the National Level: Policy Responses and Carbon Accounting Methods for Carbon-Efficient Cloud Infrastructure Governance In this study, he presented his dissertation on cloud emissions and ICT infrastructure. He argues that current location-based carbon accounting fails to capture the global nature of cloud service consumption. Through case studies of six data center hubs, he proposes a consumption-based framework and highlights discrepancies in emission responsibility. He also identifies four sources of estimation of risk and recommends policy tools—stricter accounting rules, eco-labeling, and carbon border adjustments— to ensure more accurate and equitable cloud emission governance. Prof. M Ramesh UNESCO Chair of Social Policy Design in Asia, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore. President, International Public Policy Association. Transforming Primary Care in Singapore: Addressing Systemic Challenges In this talk, Prof. M Ramesh discussed Singapore’s primary care system, examining its governance, provision, financing, and payment structures. He argued that fragmented coordination and weak government influence over private providers—not just funding or efficiency—explain the system’s challenges despite strong health outcomes. Realigning incentives and strengthening governance, he suggested, are key to building a more effective primary care model. Dr. Xingchi Shen Associate Professor at the School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Effects of Rooftop Solar on the Distribution Grid: Evidence from Connecticut In this research, Dr. Xingchi Shen presented findings from a study on the impact of distributed solar generation on electricity distribution feeders in Connecticut. Using proprietary installation-level data, he shows that each additional kilowatt of solar reduces peak feeder load by 0.11 kW, though a modest 3.6% rebound effect appears in non-summer months. He argues that while solar can defer some distribution investments, the resulting economic value—typically under $3 per MWh—falls short of justifying the higher cost of distributed solar relative to utility-scale alternatives. Dr. Masahiro Sato Associate Professor at the Graduate School of International Cultural Studies, Tohoku University Generative AI for Economic Policy Analysis In this talk, Dr. Masahiro Sato explored how generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), can revolutionize the analysis of textual data in economic policy research. He argues that traditional methods like text mining and qualitative analysis fall short in capturing the complexity and context of texts such as news, regulations, and financial documents. Generative AI offers a transformative alternative, enabling more systematic and nuanced approaches to studying monetary and fiscal policy. 39 Conferences and Events
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