2 Cautious Recommendations A notable finding is the cautious nature of policy recommendations within the Chinese literature. Chinese articles are less likely to even have policy recommendations, particularly when they receive government funding or have government co-authors. This result reflects mainland China’s tendency towards topdown agenda-setting in both research and policy planning. This leads to greater collaboration between academic scientists and government and government-sponsored research institutes, at the potential expense of less public transparency in the policy of discourse. coding approach, the researchers were able to capture nuanced characteristics often overlooked in automated analyses, such as the extent of government involvement in research and the nature of policy recommendations made within the studies. This methodology allows for a deeper understanding of how institutional factors, including political systems and funding arrangements, shape the science-policy interface in the context of environmental governance in the GBA. Findings and Analysis Institutional Influence The analysis reveals a stark contrast in contributions to air quality policy between Hong Kong and mainland China. English-language articles focused on Hong Kong demonstrate a significantly lower incidence of government co-authorship compared to their mainland counterparts. This relative independence from government influence coincides with researchers in Hong Kong proposing more innovative and forward-thinking policy recommendations. In contrast, studies from mainland China, which often feature greater government involvement, tend to adopt a more conservative approach. This dynamic suggests that the degree of studies published but also the boldness of recommendations made. Cyclical Publication Trends The study also reveals cyclical patterns in the publication rates of English-language articles from Hong Kong, which roughly correspond with changes in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government administrations. Peaks in publication activity often occur following transitions in political leadership of the Chief Executive, indicating that researchers may need to adapt their work to the funding and other priorities determined by each administration. This responsiveness highlights the interconnectedness between political cycles and research output, suggesting that the scientific community in Hong Kong not only tries to influence existing policies but also responds in turn to shifting political landscapes. Recommendations Foster Interdisciplinary Collaboration Establishing robust partnerships between scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders can increase the scientific From research to policy recommendations: A scientometric case study of air quality management in the Greater Bay Area, China Public Policy BULLETIN
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