3 SPRING 2025 NO.92 / THOUGHT LEADERSHIP BRIEF First, we analysed the accuracy change in Post-tests 1 and 2 to test the change in the word-recall accuracy for the shorter training group using mixed-effects logistic regression models. The independent variable was Post-test (two levels: Post-test 1 and 2). Our results indicated no significant change in the accuracy of word recall for older adults in the shorter training group (p-value = .35, see Figure 2). This finding suggests that the accuracy of word recall did not improve, even when the training was immediately followed by a full-night’s sleep. Accuracy rate 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 Post-test 1 (before sleep) Full-night sleep n.s. Post-test 2 (after sleep) Figure 2. Word-recall Accuracy Changes Before and After Full-Night Sleep (Older Adults, Shorter Training Group) Figure 3. Word-recall Accuracy Changes Before and After Full-Night Sleep (Older Adults, Longer Training Group) We conducted the same analysis on accuracy change in the two post-tests for the longer training group to examine whether older adults would successfully consolidate novel words after lengthened training. The model yielded the main effect of Post-test, suggesting that the accuracy in Post-test 2 was higher than in Post-test 1 (p-value < .05, see Figure 3). It indicates the duration of training in word learning impacts memory consolidation. Longer training for older adults produced similar levels of word recall when compared to younger adults. These findings suggest that older adults may show an age-related decline in the memory process, but their memory could be better preserved if they were provided more opportunities for learning. Accuracy rate 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 Post-test 1 (before sleep) Full-night sleep Post-test 2 (after sleep) *
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