By Roshni Printer 3 crystals that form a skeleton to bind loose aggregates, mimicking the properties of traditional cement [7]. The Amazing Properties of Biocement One of the most amazing aspects of biocement is that its physical characteristics can be engineered by adjusting parameters like incubation time, temperature and aggregate materials [8]. This allows the precise manufacturing of biocement with ideal density, permeability and structural performance to cater specific industrial needs. Furthermore, biocement can be self-healing [9, 10]. Some bacterial species produce spores that can remain dormant inside the material for long periods. If a crack forms, moisture and oxygen will enter the structure to “wake up” the spores to initiate the repairing process, synthesizing new calcium carbonate to seal the fissures from inside out. However, as some of such bacterial species may not be able to adapt to a highly alkaline environment, researchers are now identifying protective carriers to enhance the survival rate of bacterial spores in the concrete. Future Directions Through Genetic Engineering To increase the yield of calcium carbonate, scientists are investigating ways to genetic engi neer S. pasteurii. A possible direction includes transplanting a urea transport system to the species, or modifying the existing system in the species, if any, to increase intracellular urea concentration [5]. Scientists could also optimize the structure of the S. pasteurii urease to increase the efficiency of the enzyme 」：生物水泥
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