Science Focus ( issue 004 ) - page 23

要理解不同類型的毛髮,我
們需要了解毛髮生長週期的每個
階段。我們頭上有超過十萬株毛
髮,各自以不同速度經歷週期變
化。頭髮出於皮下的毛囊,生長
週期可分為三個不同的階段:
1 生長期
生長初期,毛髮每月大約增長1厘米。階段的長短與毛
髮的長度相應,由我們的遺傳基因所決定,也受激素和其
他環境因素影響。
2 退化期
退化期緊接於生長期後,是短暫的過渡期,生長所需的
血液供應和細胞停止運作。
3 休止期
頭髮在這個階段失去生機,逐漸脫落,毛囊休眠約三個
月,然後重新進入生長期。當我們營養不良或身體有病時,
毛囊會被迫提前進入休止期,引至脫髮等問題。
毳毛和終毛的生長期遠比頭髮短,這意味著它們最終
的長度會比頭髮短;此外,它們的休止階段較長,毛囊在新
週期的活力也較低。男性進入青春期後,睾丸素等雄性激
素分泌增加,引致終毛取代毳毛,所以男性比女性傾向於
有更多體毛。
毛髮背後的秘密告訴我們,一般相信剃毛後重新長出
的體毛,會變得更濃更深色,其實是不確的。新體毛是變得
更短和更硬,讓人有一種變粗了的錯覺。不過從進化過程
考慮,體毛的功用可能是為身體提供第一度預警系統,提示
有不受歡迎的威脅。所以當我們考慮剃走體毛時,或許應
先仔細想清楚。
Anagen
(growth stage)
生長期
Catagen
(intermediate
stage)
退化期
Telogen
(resting stage)
休止期
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21
When compared with scalp
hair, vellus and terminal hair
have much shor ter anagen
stages, indicating that their
lengths will grow to be much
shorter than hair on our heads.
In addition, they exhibit longer
telogen stages, so that the rate
of new hair follicle activity is also lower. In particular,
terminal hair replaces vellus hair at the presence
of an increase in androgenic hormone levels at
puberty, such as testosterone, also explaining why
males tend to have more body hair than females.
The science behind hai r tel l s us that the
commonly believed myth of body hair growing
back thicker and darker after shaving is largely
untrue. What does happen after shaving is that
the hair becomes shor ter and less flexible to
the touch, giving the illusion that it becomes
coarser. However, body hair seems to serve the
evolutionar y purpose of acting as a first-line
warning system for unwelcome threats. Perhaps
we should think twice before getting rid of them?
們毛髮的長度、顏色和髮質各有不同。進入青春
期後,除了頭部之外,毛髮還會明顯地生長在手臂、腿部、
面部和恥骨區等部位。頭髮停生長,須要定期梳理,但體毛
達到一定長度後,便會停止生長。究竟這兩種毛髮有甚麼
分別?它們的生長和外觀又受什麼支配?
總括來說,毛髮可以分成三種:毳毛、終毛和頭髮。毳
毛短而纖細,不太明顯,佈滿全身,在兒童及婦女身上最易
觀察到。相比之下,終毛較粗長而深色,多見於男性。頭髮
即指生長在我們頭皮上的毛髮。
Life cycle of hair
頭髮生長週期
1...,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22 24,25,26,27,28